Analysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost - 1767 Words

During the mid to late 1600s, England was going through a period of change and controversy. This period of change was brought on as a result of the English Civil War and the government put in place afterwards, the Protectorate. Under the Protectorate, Oliver Cromwell, a military commander against the king during the civil war, was able to disguise his military dictatorship as a commonwealth. It was this government that won the support of the writer John Milton. Milton was known for his rhetorical writings against Charles I and for Oliver Cromwell at the time. It would not be until after the fall of Cromwell that Milton would complete his greatest work of literature however. When the Protectorate fell and Charles II rose to power in 1660, Milton was forced into hiding for fear that he would be punished for his involvement with Cromwell. This would actually benefit Milton for it was when he was in hiding that he was able to complete his great work, Paradise Lost, even though he was bli nd. In Paradise Lost Milton recants the tale of Satan’s struggle, after being exiled from heaven for leading a revolt against God, and the lives of Adam and Eve. Throughout the epic, Satan journeys to both Earth and Eden in attempts to ruin all that God has worked to build. What Satan is unaware of however is that God knows all that he is doing and allows him to continue on his quest. This raises the timeless inquiry as to whether or not we possess free will and if so to what extent are theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1852 Words   |  8 Pagesliterary merit. Do not merely summarize the plot. (2010 AP Literature and Composition) Disobedience and Exile an Analysis of Satan from Milton’s Paradise Lost John Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost, has been the subject of criticism and interpretation through many years; these interpretations concur in that Adam and Eve are the sufferers of the poem, and it is their blight to lose Paradise because of their disobedience; however, their exile is merely a plight brought by Satan, and it is he who suffersRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost Essay2201 Words   |  9 PagesEve’s story arc in Paradise Lost, by John Milton, is a bildungsroman, the German word for a â€Å"novel of education.† Eve develops through the five stages of a typical bildungsroman character, as demonstrated by several different works from the genre. It will be useful to discuss several different bildungsromans from different eras and regions to fully determine the necessary characteristics of a bildungsroman, like The Odyssey, To Kill a Mockingbird, David Copperfield, Adventures of Huckleberry FinnRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s The Of Paradise Lost 1122 Words   |  5 Pageshumankind could be considered heroic according to well-known author John Milton. Book IX of Paradise lost portrays this sense of heroism through the sins of Adam and Eve, but also creates a sense of controversy through the unexpected personality swap between Satan and of God. This literary work is a major contribution to biblical and literary history; therefore a reason why this work is still read today. The poem must turn tragic, and Milton asserts his intention to show this great fall is more heroic thanRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1499 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing, an epic hero if that being has done what is required. In John Milton’s, â€Å"Paradise Lost†, the character of Satan presents itself as an epic hero, Milton tests that the character of Satan forces the reader to consider the possibility that Satan may actually be a hero, or at the very least, a character worth seeing in a more complex light. This along with the following examples are all showing how the character of Satan in â€Å"Paradise lost†, can be view and is viewed as an epic hero thought the novelRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1071 Words   |  5 Pages Writing AP Exam Essays Advanced Placement English Literature Composition Name Juan Linares Major Work Data Page Paradise Lost Writer/Nationality John Milton/ UK 1608-1674 Theme/Meanings of the work as a whole Disobedience plays a key role in the unfolding of Milton’s poem. Satan disobeys God because God gave him free will, and causes Eve to disobey Adam, to disobey God. Justification of God. Death must happen to the world but because of the Son, DeathRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1035 Words   |  5 PagesSatan is the first figure to speak in Milton’s poems in Paradise Lost. His words to Beelzebub are the sort of utterances a politician would make to his party members after a defeat. It combines convincement with the virtue of emotional manipulation. Satan’s words shift like a dream from expression of grief and sympathy to the restatement of united defiance, to which Beelzebub replies unconsciously. Milton creates this shift so subtly that it is hardly noticed and highlights through this that theRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 869 Words   |  4 PagesIn his epic, Paradise Lost, Milton entertains the reader with his version of how one of the greatest falls of humanity occurred. Although many would consider God or Adam and Eve as the main characters in a story like this, the main character of this epic is truly Satan. Satan is shown as a strong and powerful character who is completely overwhelmed with emotions which create a type of hell in his mind; even when he is in heaven, he cannot escape his true life. Satan’s desire for vengeance on God’sRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1606 Words   |  7 PagesIn books one, two, four and nine of Paradise Lost, Milton portrays Satan as heroic, introducing freedom and reason to the minds and lives of humanity. Satan allows his subservient fallen angels, as well as Adam and eve to recognize authority, reason and the true meaning of freedom. The beginning of the story is told through Satan’s point of view, making him the first empathetic character the reader is introduced to. From the very beginning of Book One, Satan explains how him and other fellow angelsRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost1442 Words   |  6 Pages(Name) (Instructor) (Course) (Date) Heroism in John Milton’s Paradise Lost There are many definitions of a hero, and establishing the hero in John Milton’s Paradise Lost has been object to scholarly debate. One definition of a hero is that by Aristotle, who defined a hero as a person who is divine and superhuman. However, other definitions encompass the aspect of virtue in heroism. Despite all the definitions for a hero, it remains factual that a hero would be someone that the readers would delightRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1253 Words   |  6 Pages Students often read John Milton’s works with great difficulty; he is determined to have his audience know his goals and how important his writing is through epic metaphors and masterful language. In Paradise Lost, he tells his audience that this will the epic to end all epics and that this is the most important tale of all mankind: the fall of Man. Comparatively, Alexander Pope used the same style of epic not to tell an important tale, but to question much of the life of ar istocracy in his time

examples of classification paragraph about nursing

PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT The English paragraph can be divided into three sections: INTRODUCTION, BODY, and CONCLUSION. The INTRODUCTION briefly states the content of the paragraph and enables a reader to establish his expectation of what is to come. THE BODY is the main part of the paragraph, which is developed sequentially. THE CONCLUSION, the writer summarizes what he has already discussed in the main part and finishes his presentation of the idea. The following paragraph is an example. Sample Paragraph: Although the New Testament writers used the popular language of their day, they often achieved great dignity and eloquence. Convinced of the greatness of their message, they often wrote naturally and directly, as earnest men might†¦show more content†¦(Johnston and Zukowski / Faust 1981:42) 2. Cause and Effect. A paragraph developed by cause and effect shows the relationship between two statements; that is, one element results from the other. In the sample paragraph below, by listing many physical conditions and concomitant behaviors, the writer shows how climate affects the culture of a country. That is, The topic sentence Climate affects the culture of a country is developed by Supporting Sentences illustrating effects. In this style of development, the writer can list several effects resulting from one cause, as in the sample paragraph below, or he can list several causes to support one effect. Sample Paragraph Climate affects the culture of a country- Men must learn to live within the limitations of their environment, and climate is an important part of the physical environment Life in a tropical country is less strenuous and more casual than it is in a temperate one. Men work shorter hours and less vigorously in a hot climate. They cannot play hard either. They tire easily- They can relax by reading, by sipping cool drinks, or by listening to soothing music. They must try to conserve their energy. The wisest ones learn to respect the demands of Nature. (Friend 1971:43) 3. Comparison and Contrast. A paragraph developed by comparison and contrast identifies the similarity or difference between two items by pointing out severalShow MoreRelatedA Goal Makes Us Become A Better Person1298 Words   |  6 PagesThere are independence life, good hospital to practice the mission of nursing, and have a strong relationship. All of them sound really easy, but I do not think I cannot do all of them if I do not have a good plan because â€Å" a goal without a plan is just wish.† Among of three goals, practice the mission of nursing is my number one goal, so what is the mission of nursing? â€Å"BRN Turns 100† by Hedy Dumpel is a short article about how nurses are important to public health. This article introduced theRead MoreIdentify the stages of the Nursing Process and the skills essential to the Nursing Process1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe nursing process is a five stage systematic framework, and based on the problem solving approach; it forms the foundation for nursing practice to facilitate focussed, individualised care planning for patients (Yildirim and Ozkahraman 2011). This assignment will serve to identify the five stages of the nursing process: Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation. The skills: Communication, Observation, Critical Thinking and Reflection involved within the nursing processRead MoreMyra Levine6543 Words   |  27 PagesSOUTHEAST MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY College of Health Human Services Department of Nursing COURSE: NS-600 COURSE TITLE: Theoretical Foundations for Nursing Practice (3 credits). FACULTY: Elaine Jackson, PhD, RN Crisp Hall – 319 573-651-2871(O) 243-2049(H) 450-2757(Cell) Read MoreThe Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Essay example1585 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneral cultural conservatives take issue with vaccinations against any communicable diseases that are acquired sexually or through drug use. These are essentially the same arguments that have always been used to object to vaccinations of all classifications as well as a myriad of other medical treatments like blood transfusions from some religious corners since the founding of medicine itself. The internet has also added to the nature of the current debate because it enables very large scaleRead MoreThe Natural History of the Galapagos Written by Ian Thornton1150 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Galapagos Islands Darwin had noticed a specific breed of birds, these birds were known as the Galapagos Finches. What Charles had specifically noticed about the Galapagos finches was that the finches were made up of many different species; it was obvious that these birds were all related but each species had a specific variation. For example the birds would have different sized or shaped beaks. From this Darwin noticed that each separate groups of finches had separate habits, specifically eatingRead MoreThe Revolution Of Texas Revolution1550 Words   |  7 PagesSan Antonio. In December a volunteer force led by Ben Milam defeated the Mexicans and forced them to surrender and later to retreat to the south, across the RÐ ½o Grande. After taking San Antonio, many Anglo-Americans returned to their homes, leaving about 150 men in the town, many of whom were volunteers from the United States. Despite rumors that Santa Anna had amassed troops at the RÐ ½o Grande, most Texans believed that he would wait until late spring before invading Texas. On February 23, 1836, howeverRead MoreThe Rise Of The Media1550 Words   |  7 Pagesespecially prevalent among women. An aspect of this phenomena is that what is preserved as â€Å"healthy† changes over time, and does not always align with what the media considers to be â€Å"healthy.† Therefore, the World Health Organization’s most recent classification of health is, â€Å"a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† (ÃÅ"stà ¼n Jakob, 2009). When there are several tends and fad-diets occurring, it is important for women to maintain aRead MoreEvidence Based Nursing Essay3578 Wor ds   |  15 PagesStudy of Nursing Student Experiences of Clinical Practice Farkhondeh Sharif1 Sara Masoumi2 1Psychiatric Nursing Department, Fatemeh (P.B.U.H) College of Nursing Midwifery Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand BlvD, Shiraz, Iran 2English Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Published 9 November 2005   [pic] Abstract Background Nursing students experiences of their clinical practice provide greater insight to develop an effective clinical teaching strategy in nursing educationRead MoreThe Four Foundation Health Measures That Serve As An Indicator Of Progress Towards Achieving The Goals Of Hp1743 Words   |  7 Pages1. According to the â€Å"About Healthy People† section, what are the four foundation health measures that will serve as an indicator of progress towards achieving the goals of HP? (4 points) The four foundation health measures that serve as an indicator of progress towards achieving these goals: †¢ General Health Status †¢ Health-Related Quality of Life and well-being †¢ Determinants of health †¢ Disparities 2. Look under the 2020 Topics and Objectives tab and click on Social Determinants of Health. ListRead MoreHopelessness Concept Paper2643 Words   |  11 PagesAnalysis by Linda Gouthro A Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for NU 607 Critical Analysis of the Scientific Underpinnings of Advanced Nursing Practice University of South Alabama College of Nursing Fall 2010 Running Head: CONCEPT ANALYSIS OF HOPELESSNESS 2 Hopelessness: A Concept Analysis Introduction Paragraph: Hopelessness is a familiar term generally used to denote a negative emotional state. Despite frequent use of the term in the English language, conveying what

How Do Certain Food and Beverage Free Essays

string(256) " first class of customers includes those who display more behavior loyalty than the others simply because they are emotionally aware that the hotel considers them more important than their counterparts which are not enrolled in any of the loyalty schemes\." Despite all the conventional methods of analyzing the customers with all the physical and social and other factors, the actual statistics seem to differ tremendously from the estimated outcomes. This is because we as humans seem to bank heavily on emotions. Once the customer has some sort of emotional attachment with the outlet for whatsoever reasons, he is not going to opt for other places. We will write a custom essay sample on How Do Certain Food and Beverage or any similar topic only for you Order Now The customer might now be considered loyal to the outlet. The customer wouldn’t prefer going to any of the competitors because he feels he has some sort of bond with the outlet. This emotional umbilical cord is very powerful as it is one of the easiest and the most effective ways to maintain customer loyalties. As they say, it is easier to retain the existing customers than it is to create new ones. The existing customers would always walk in with that feeling of homeliness and once this feeling of theirs is respected and catered, all the outlet has do is cash in. Existing customers don’t mind paying a little extra also because they’ve already grown used to the ambience and the way the outlet is run. Therefore, it should be profoundly important for the hotels and restaurants, to see to it that they lock in the customers as their regular guests. The hotels have to work hard to make sure that the customers don’t take away the business elsewhere. The loss of a regular customer is colossal. The hotel is just not losing that one customer but a lot more than that. All those people whom he had recommended the hotel in course of years would also develop negative thoughts and opinions about the outlet. This might be a very serious issue and often devastating for the hotel chains. Loyalty as such is the key factor in most businesses, but its impact is more clearly visible in the business of hospitality and hotel management. When compared to several other businesses, the one fact that stands out here is that the hospitality industry has a lot to do with how the customer actually feels about being at the place. This might include the food, the ambience, the customer satisfaction and several other factors. Hospitality has more to do with experience as against those of other industries who just sell products. There can be many ways in which this can be done, some hotels prefer giving free gifts, some give special privileges to their regular customers, some others give huge discounts. All these methods are simply aimed at encouraging customer loyalty. The hotels and restaurants should never miss a chance on maintaining and pleasing loyal customers given the fact that this emotional attachment is so very delicate yet powerful enough change the very course of several businesses. Research Problem: It is because of these above stated reasons that it becomes immensely important for the managers to study the science of loyalty management and learn how to implement it thoroughly. Discussion: Important concepts and theories, the background of the study: In simple terms, it can be said that in spite of all what the company the customer has an inherent tendency to keep looking for better alternatives, the analogy here is given by Leahy where the characteristic customer behavior is compared to that of a cat. A dog considered being man’s best friend because come what may it does not swerve its loyalties. However the customer behaves more like the cat and is always on the lookout for softer and more comfortable lap. The need of the hour is that the hotels should see to it that they provide this soft lap to the customers and always keep increasing the standard of their services. Leahy here compares the restaurants to the airlines; the airlines have been far more successful in maintaining loyal customers than the hospitality industry. Airlines have several clubs where the members are classified as gold, silver or other such members. The members of such clubs are offered free up gradation from economy to business class if the seats are free. However no such practice is noticed among the hotel managements. The article takes evidence from US consultancy Colloquy, noting that restaurants are lagging far behind other businesses in developing loyalty schemes. The article notes that in the United States, only 27. 2 million customers are part of restaurant loyalty schemes, while airlines have over 254. 4 million members for their loyalty schemes. Leahy further emphasizes that loyalty issues are to be taken very seriously in the restaurant business and it is very important to retain regular customers. The General Approach: There are many ways to retain regular customers, one such prominent way is the loyalty card, a technique which has now caught on even in big showrooms and jewel stores. The simple technique here is that every time the customer buys something, he is given certain points and once these points reach a certain value, the points can be exchanged for discounts or special offers. This not only keeps the customer coming back to your store but also helps in maintaining good relations. Once again this idea was an innovation of the aviation industry and it still needs to be implemented to a greater extent in the hospitality industry. According to CEFF (2007), loyalty cards schemes are a key factor in determining choice of hotel, airlines and restaurant chains by leisure travelers. Surveys have revealed that even though there are some customers who don’t quite bother about these loyalty cards, a good percentage about seventy percent of them admit that the loyalty cards played prominent roles in them determining their hotel or airlines. Literary Reviews and Opinions: Gomez, Arranz and Cillan (2006) argue that these loyalty programs yield two important results of interest, which may be applied to the hotel and restaurant hospitality sectors. Such a program creates to genres of customers. The first class of customers includes those who display more behavior loyalty than the others simply because they are emotionally aware that the hotel considers them more important than their counterparts which are not enrolled in any of the loyalty schemes. You read "How Do Certain Food and Beverage" in category "Essay examples" As in all businesses, emotion plays a very prominent role even in the hotel and management industry. Yet another thing that needs to be borne in mind is that the customer will not simply walk in to your outlet just because you have all these cards and offers. For example, however captivating and encouraging might be the scheme; the customer will come to your restaurant only when he feels like eating. You can never force the customer to increase the number of his visits, directly or indirectly. Research that compares consumer behavior before and after the introduction of a loyalty program show that there is no real difference in the number of visitors, or the amount of purchasing done (Gomez, Arranz, Cillan, 2006). Here it is once again argued that loyalty program don’t quite generate new loyal customers but just help in retaining the existing loyal customers. As in any other business, the sole objective and the motive behind your business should be very clear, for example, if the customer doesn’t like your product, then all the management tactics in the world will not help him come to you. The bottom line is that what you offer the customer must stand up to his expectations. Trust and satisfaction are won by genuine effort and determination, there are no shortcuts, and the customer is smart enough to figure out what the actual standard of your restaurant is. According to Gomez, Arranz and Cillan (2006), effective loyalty can only come from customer attitudes such as satisfaction, trust and commitment. Loyalty based on simple repeated behavior is not very effective. Ethical Considerations: Unwanted effects of biased management: Some researchers argue that even though loyalty is a very important issue, it is very difficult to impress the customer through these roundabout techniques; the management needs to focus more on other basic issues like the maintenance and the quality of service. All these schemes and offers can only assist the growth, they can never be the sole reason for the growth and a sensible manager should never depend upon any of these. Lacey and Sneath (2006) argue that customer loyalty programs are not always fair to all consumers. The argument is assisted by the fact that such loyalty schemes only focus on a certain class of customers and not all customers. This creates negative hype and ill feeling among. The firm spends all the resources on pleasing the existing customers whom they assume to be loyal where as the new customers who might prove to be loyal customers in the future are just left to themselves. If this methodology is practiced in the long run, the organization might stand to lose many customers, the organization was so very considered about pleasing the existing customers that they forgot that they even have to generate new customers. â€Å"One of the basic principles of the company is remembering what it is that guests prefer when they are in your hotel,† explained (Ritz Carlton) spokeswoman Vivian Deuschl. Such an approach can even be dreadful at times. It is argued that the same quality service should be given to all the customers. Never should the restaurant make the mistake of pleasing one class of customers at the expense of others. Such a treatment might be very pleasing to the regular customer but even he will hesitate to recommend the restaurant to others because he knows that new customers are not treated well over there. Apart from all the above-mentioned ill effects, this practice is strongly condemned even on ethical grounds. The safest and the best alternative are to provide uniform treatment throughout to all the customers. This generates a positive attitude and helps a lot in business. There is no substitute to genuine hard work, determination and honest implementation of policies. As Jack Welch in his book Winning quotes â€Å"sorry, there are no shortcuts†. Hypothesis and Questions: The prime objectives: Rather than concentrating on these hypothetical concerns, the restaurant should be bothered more about improving service delivery, bakery products, and cooking. Lacey and Sneath further argue that customers who are not a part of such loyalty schemes are often discriminated against and this is very unpleasant for the customer as well as a loss in revenue for the management. Langenderfer Cook (2004), Petty (2000) throw light on a very important aspect here. The customer databases are rich with information and are excellent resources and if by chance this data ends up in wrong hands, t can be very taxing for the customers. If such a thing happens, then it would be a clear exploitation of customer rights and a breach of moral and ethical values. The customer would then obviously hesitate to become a member of any such loyalty schemes in future. Wendlandt Schrader (2007) come up with yet another intriguing question, they argue that all these schemes at times might even backfire and in fact cause more loss to the organization. As an able manager, the first that needs to be firmly affixed in mind is that we as humans are more effected by emotional happenings than anything else. Once the person is emotionally troubled or if he even perceives that he is being manipulated, even the most loyal of the customers will give up. The customer might get frustrated by all these and begin to think that all these tricks only serve as gimmicks and in fact react exactly in a way opposite to what is expected of him. Smartly designed loyalty schemes however can actually avoid reactance of this type. For example, a loyalty scheme that offers long-term financial rewards that have to be gathered over repeat visits will probably avoid reactance (Wendlandt Schrader, 2007). However, long-term loyalty schemes can also be less effective at retaining regular customers. Kirby (2007) has yet another way of seeing the same scenario, the argument here is that it is more beneficial to serve customers as people rather than targeting on their customer profiles. The argument here is that rather than treating loyalty as just another part of the charm game, the hotels should earn repeat business by offering excellent services based on remembered and recorded client preferences (Kirby, 2007). If hotels invest in tracking guest preferences and provide a superior service through the use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM), the customer will automatically be retained. Weinstein (2004) further argues that the ambience and the feel of the place are also very important. Always remember that the customer might forget what he came for, why he came, when he came etc but he is never going to forget how it felt to be there with you. In the book the â€Å"Ice Cream Maker†, a book on the concept of six sigma, the author argues that in a departmental store or a shopping mall, it takes an average of seven to eight seconds for the customer to pass by your restaurant, it is in this minute fragment of time that we have to impress the customer that our outlet is actually worth a visit. To make the customer ‘feel’ something is an enormous challenge in its own right. Therefore, it is well worth going the extra mile to provide extra amenities to impress guests into engaging in repeat business (Weinstein, 2004). Some of the 5 star chains in Dubai follow this strategy, hoping to get repeat business by pampering even walk-in customers. Research Questions: To summarize we can say that all the literature on loyalty is divided into two categories both conflicting each other. The first category, is those who advocate the loyalty schemes to lock in customers and make sure that they patronize and prefer certain restaurants in place of the other. Some researchers even argue that such a type of management might even be unethical. The second category of advisors are those who emphasize on the importance of personalized service, remembering customer preferences, and offering amenities to keep customers coming back. They note that rather than discriminating customers, their stand is that hotels, restaurants and other businesses should keep service standards high across the board. As a manager we are faced with the question that when and to what extent which of these methodologies or logics are to implemented? What is to be given more importance and how are customers, both old and new to be dealt with? Should the approach to both these parties be same or different? What is it that needs to be done so that all the parties are happy and content? How are we going to satisfy the emotional requirements of our customers? Jang and Mattila (2005) throw light on yet another trend. Their basic argument is that the manager must learn to understand the customer needs and requirements and react accordingly, for example, if the customer is expecting monetary benefits, then he must simply be given so, instead if the hotel argues that the customer be given only the free spa session or a free buffet lunch against his will, then it is only obvious that none of the parties is happy. The customer is displeased because he is given something free of cost something he actually has no desire for. The hotel has used up its employees and other resources for the same purpose, which was not at all fruitful. Thus, such a decision has a negative impact on all parties. Jang and Matilla further note that at times immediate cash discounts are also not the solutions to the problem. Also, while customers may want immediate rewards, it usually suits managers to delay gratification in order to ensure repeat business. Also, there is less guilt associated with luxury rewards if they’ve worked up to them over a period of time. It is also noted that there is a very strong potential for developing such programs in the hospitality industry. The transactions involved and the formalities taken up during the process of loyalty offers should be made very convenient and comfortable. The customers should not be penalized to show their loyalty cards every time; the hotels should remember the customers and work towards serving them better. Data Management and Analysis and Budget considerations and timelines: Statistics will provide all sorts of data from all sorts of places. This data might vary over decades of research or even more, the right management comes from the fact that the manager should be able to pick up the right data and study it accordingly, wrongly directed research or haywire policy implementation is sure to spell doom for the company. Therefore, it is of profound importance that the right data be chosen from all perspectives, the implementation schemes should not be so costly that the management suffers because of these, after all management is all about producing the best possible results in the minimum possible expenditure. Also, the time limits should also be adhered to very strictly. What might be a huge success in summer might be a complete failure in winter. If the set goals are not achieved within the given time limits, then the entire purpose of research is flawed. Conclusion: There is no dearth of literature as far as the loyalty issue is concerned. Managers realize very well that there is more to management than just analyzing theories, real problems need real and innovative approaches, and not everything can be solved from the books. Able managers know for a certainty that all what is in research papers is just conjectures and even if a particular scheme or technique worked very well in a particular hotel or restaurant, there is no guarantee that it will produce the same or similar results elsewhere or even the same hotel the next year. Trends change, people change, their needs and expectations change, every year researchers come up with new theories. The key to being a successful manager is to have the right instincts and realize where to draw the line. It might be noted that the manager should not go to extremes, as an example he might be so puffed up with confidence that he turns a deaf year to the researchers or for that matter is so engrossed in the research that he forgets that he has to deal with real life situations. Coming to the issue of hotel management and the hospitality industry, the first and the foremost thing that should be firmly affirmed in the mind is that unless and until the product and services are up to the mark and stand valid in front of the customers’ expectations, no amount of management hoopla can help the cause. The hotel management should be more concerned about the quality of service and other basic but very important factors. Only when these issues are properly and sensibly addressed to and resolved can the management think of anything else. The loyalty considerations are also to be dealt with great care and delicacy. It is but natural that the older customer will expect better services and the new customers would want their privileges to be on par with those of everyone else. This is where the elegance of the manager comes handy. The manager should be able to glide between such scenarios always keeping in mind the benefit of the employees and should also be successful enough to generate the maximum possible revenue. How to cite How Do Certain Food and Beverage, Essay examples

International Reserves Composition Foreign -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Reserves Composition Foreign? Answer: Introduction The report mainly aims to evaluate the investment procedure of young families as well as retirees. Ample research has been conducted in this report for recognizing the opportunities of investment that could be required by 65- year old and 35- year old investor. The scope of investment of $1.5 million is required to be assessed for these two investors that could facilitate to generate higher revenue from the investment. In addition, the report also assesses diverse investment portfolios that have conservative growth, capital appreciation, growth of income and equity income. These pertinent measures will be utilized for identifying the best possible option of investment for the companies that might produce higher revenue from the investment (Bodie, Kane and Marcus 2014). Moreover, two portfolios are basically prepared in this report that could aid both the 35 year old and 65- year old investors for generating higher income from the investment. Furthermore, sufficient recommendation for these investors portfolio is also conducted in this report, which could also facilitate them to create wealth as well as support in their financial obligations. Research The research is basically conducted on the process of investment and different kinds of funds that could be utilized in forming sufficient portfolio of the companies. In addition, the assessment of the investment procedure could also facilitate in structuring the portfolio for these two clients, which might aid in supporting their future expenditure. There are various levels of the investment procedure that is required to be conducted before investment in order to identify relevant procedure for producing higher return. In addition, evaluation of different kinds of funds has also been conducted for understanding the needs of these investors. Pertinent identification as well as the investment procedure is also stated as under: Generation of idea for investment Idea generation refers to the starting procedure of investment in which the investment need of these investors is assessed for drafting the correct portfolio. Furthermore, the organization should conduct adequate qualitative as well as quantitative screening, which could help to identify opportunities of investment. Additionally, the screening procedure is also helpful to detect risk as well as return, which might be provided from the investment (Al-Hassan et al. 2013). Pertinent findings concerning various levels of return as well as risk generated from stock should be conducted by the organization, which in turn might facilitate to generate higher revenue from the investment. It has been stated by () that assessment of risk as well as return also permits the investors to identify opportunities of investment and make higher revenue. Researching different options of investment After identifying various extent of the investment opportunity, the stocks selected could be taken into account in order to generate higher level of return. In addition, identification of balance sheet, strength of management, structure of industry and ESG revenue is usually conducted by the organization (van Duuren, Plantinga and Scholtens 2016). Furthermore, applicable recognition of weakness as well as strength in the investment scope could also help to draft ample portfolio in order to support investment requirements to the investors. The evaluation of technical as well as fundamental analysis should also be conducted for detecting return as well as risk that is involved in the investment stock operations. In this perspective, it has been opined by Hull (2014) that the investors could identify various stocks through research options, which have less risk and hence enhance their return. Assessing the portfolio that is required for investment The third process of investment is basically the portfolio creation that is based on the needs of the investors. In addition, this portfolio creation directly helps to detect risk as well as return, which might be generated from the investment. However, through this process the investors could assess the ability of the portfolio in order to match their return as well as risk level. The evaluation that has been conducted on the portfolio could also help to detect the investment style that includes equity income, income growth, conservative growth and appreciation of capital (HA Davis and Lleo 2015). In addition, proper identification of this investment style could also aid to select proper portfolio for these two investors and thereby support their investment need. Conducting management of portfolio The last phase of investment procedure is the portfolio management that helps to assess the portfolio performance according to the needs of investors. Furthermore, this portfolio management in turn could ultimately aid to detect the nature of portfolio in order to support the investment needs of the investors. Moreover, the detection of target as well as return could also be recognized in the procedure, where the portfolio managers have the ability to understand the financial needs of the investors for managing their portfolio (Chandra 2017). This phase is basically the monitoring process, which is required to be conducted by the investors in order to maintain extent of probable return from the investment. Different kinds of funds that is available for investment while assessing returns as well as risk from investment are portrayed as under- Aggressive growth equities Aggressive growth equities refer to stocks that have higher risk as well as return from the investment. These kinds of stocks are mainly affected by the capital market volatility and this in turn also aids to enhance the returns of the investors. In addition, these growth equities basically comprises of the stocks that are mainly focused on giving higher returns to the investors. The utilization of both fundamental as well as technical indicator also permits the investors to detect those stocks that have high growth rate in the market on annual basis. This aggressive growth equity has been basically used by the investors for increasing the return level in their portfolio. It has been opined by Damodaran (2012) that, the investors also uses these stock for increasing their return level that might be generated from the portfolio investment. Long term growth equities The second kind of the investment fund is the long term growth equities that are utilized by the investors for growing their return as well as investment capital. This in turn also permits the investors in generating returns for longer term from their investment (McGuire, Omer and Wilde 2013). In addition, this kind of investment basically has less risk as well as stable return since the investors aims to increase their wealth from this investment. Moreover, the financial institutions and the fundamental investors usually use this kind of equity funding in order to maximize profitability level. On the other hand, the conservative investors might utilize this fund in order to increase their profit margin and generate growth. Growth as well as income equities The income as well as growth equity funds generate higher returns from the investment, which in turn could aid to generate adequate profitability level from their investment. This fund basically aims to increase their portfolio value as well as produce dividend from the investment. This kind of stock also generates good reward from the investment since it is directly influenced from the capital market. In addition, the investment banker also utilizes this fund as they wanted to raise their investment in capital and acquire sufficient dividends for paying their investors. The stocks that have huge growth prospects as well as dividend payments has been selected for this kind of investment in which the risk is moderately high. It has been mentioned by () that, the investors that have huge prospects of income and growth mainly requires to use risky stocks for supporting their investment need. Foreign equities The investments in foreign equity directly permit the investors to raise the returns owing to rise in growth rate in the emerging markets. Investments in Malaysia, Indonesia and other emerging nations could relatively permit the foreign investors in generating larger revenue from investment (Qian and Steiner 2014). These investments in the foreign equities are basically conducted on the organization that have higher potential to generate returns and is thus analyzed by assessing its performance. On the other hand, the rules of investment in the domestic market are eventually different, which in turn limits the investors to take benefit from unpredictable capital market of the emerging markets. Foreign Bond Foreign bonds could be used by the investors in order to increase relevant returns since it gives fixed payment as well as coupon payment for specific period of time. In addition, the utilization of foreign bonds is enormously high because the conservative investors basically utilize options of investment in their portfolio (Batten, Hogan and Szilagyi 2012). The developing nations usually have high interest rate payment on the bonds since they require FDI ( foreign direct investment). However, this might relatively permit their investors in generating high income in their bonds as compared to the bond payments that is provided in advanced nations. The conservative investors that focus on higher returns with less risk have the ability to increase the returns from their portfolio. Income securities Income securities are basically recognized as one type of mutual funds and investment criteria that is conducted by the investors in order to generate higher returns. Moreover, selection of applicable securities as well as mutual funds is essential for these investors since they provides conservative as well as high risk investment opportunities. Furthermore, conservative as well as aggressive investors tend to invest in these income securities since it gives adequate opportunities of investment. Return as well as risk profile of these income securities are basically connected with huge scope of investment that is used by the investors. Furthermore, Gross, W.H. and Toloui (2012) portrays that the investors usually selects mutual funds after assessing the total returns from the specific security over particular time of existence. Analysis for the 35 year old professional For 35 year old professional Particulars Percentage % Amount Securities Share returns Yield % Investment fund 100% $ 1,500,000 Long-term growth equities 10% $ 150,000 Goodman Group 18.83% 3.31% Growth Income Equities 40% $ 600,000 CSL Limited 30.16% 1.01% International Equities 8% $ 120,000 Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk PT 65.75% 2.91% International income 8% $ 120,000 GL07/23 4.39% 4.22% Income Securities 5% $ 75,000 GSBI21 5.75% 2.24% Aggressive growth equities 29% $ 435,000 Computershare Limited 32.02% 1.81% The above table that has been constructed depicts the total returns that could be derived from the portfolio that has been created for the 35-year-old professional. The portfolio that has been constructed constitute of the stocks that facilitate the essential features like the higher income capacity and higher growth. This has been helpful in deriving the relevant outcomes. In addition to it, the portfolio facilitates the providence of higher returns from the particular investments as the stocks that yield higher returns have been utilized for drafting the overall portfolio. The companies that have been utilized for drafting the portfolio are of the names Goodman Group and CSL Limited. The companies have been used for the purpose of generating the desired revenue from the investments. This could be generated from the dividend yield and stock return. The evaluation of these stocks leads to the accelerated rate of progress that efficiently allows the investors to create wealth. The internal equities and the securities that have been used for the purpose of drafting the portfolio have been utilized for developing an investment stream so that the returns could be efficiently improved from the investors. Moreover, the international equities facilitate the providence of higher market returns and the yields from the dividends in comparison to the securities that have been listed in the portfolio. It is evident from the table that the utilization of an aggressive growth equity has also been used in drafting the portfolio in order to efficiently generate higher amounts of return both from the dividend yield and stocks. This has been one of the most crucial criteria in relation to investment for a 35-year-old professional, who intends to increase the amount of returns from the portfolio. This evidently will result in improving the returns that could have been provided by the companies on a long-term basis. In case of the international equities the growth perspectiv e and the aggressiveness of the growth equity have been subjectively high. This permits the investors for creating adequate wealth for supporting the financial obligations incurred by them. Analysis for the 65-year-old retiree For 65 year old retiree Particulars Percentage % Amount Securities Share returns Yield % Investment fund 100% $ 1,500,000 Long-term growth equities 25% $ 375,000 Goodman Group 18.83% 3.31% Growth Income Equities 7% $ 105,000 CSL Limited 30.16% 1.01% International Equities 8% $ 120,000 Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk PT 65.75% 2.91% International income 32% $ 480,000 GL07/23 4.39% 4.22% Income Securities 28% $ 420,000 GSBI21 5.75% 2.24% The portfolio that had been created for the 65-year-old retiree majorly constitutes of the bonds and stocks that reflect a higher degree of the growth rate. The 65-year-old investor being orthodox and conservative in nature eventually gradually could permit the international income and the income securities to be the weighted investments that have been included in the portfolio and is of the highest value. The portfolio has been strictly focused on the creation of wealth and reduces the amounts of risks in relation to the investments. This could result in the generation of a constant source of income via the portfolio. The portfolio that has been drafted strictly concentrates on the investments in relation to the low risks, where income equities and growth holds up to a 5% of the portfolio value. This has been conducted mainly in order to ensure the constant flow of returns that will be received by the 65 year-old-retiree post his retirement. The portfolio has been further focused on the bonds and other equities with high growth would result in the reduction of the actual risk associated with the investment and ensure the providence of the constant returns. The utilization of the international income and the income securities could result in the old retiree receiving the payments in relation to the annual coupons by which he can support the financial obligations incurred by him. Moreover, the portfolio has been drafted by keeping in mind the growth equities that have been incurred on a long term basis. This evidently increases the value of the portfolio and ensures obtaining higher returns from the investment. It should be noted here that the portfolio has been created for a conservative investor who is against the accumulation of a high degree of risk in the portfolio. Recommendation and Conclusion The complete evaluation process that has been conducted is majorly focused on the providence of enough opportunities in relation to the investment for a 35 year old professional and 65 year old retiree. The portfolio that has been created and drafted reflect the requirements in terms of the investments and expenditures that have been incurred on a daily basis. The particular investment process and the categories of funds that have been required for the creation of the portfolios have been mentioned in this particular report. This has adequately resulted in the proper drafting of the portfolio for the investors. The preparation of the portfolio is strictly focused on the criteria of investment that has been provided by each of the investors in which the portfolio weights have been properly adjusted to support the requirements of the returns. The portfolio that has been created in the particular report properly acknowledges all the requirements of the investors so that the investors ca n meet their financial obligations. The 35-year-old-professional has mainly focused on the accumulation of greater amounts of return by the accumulation of risks in his portfolio. However, the 65-year-old-retiree focuses on the constant flow of income as returns from the investments with lower amounts of accumulated risks. Reference Bodie, Z., Kane, A. and Marcus, A.J., 2014.Investments, 10e. McGraw-Hill Education. Al-Hassan, A., Papaioannou, M.M.G., Skancke, M. and Sung, C.C., 2013.Sovereign wealth funds: Aspects of governance structures and investment management(No. 13-231). International Monetary Fund. van Duuren, E., Plantinga, A. and Scholtens, B., 2016. ESG integration and the investment management process: fundamental investing reinvented.Journal of Business Ethics,138(3), pp.525-533. HA Davis, M. and Lleo, S., 2015.Risk-Sensitive Investment Management. Chandra, P., 2017.Investment analysis and portfolio management. McGraw-Hill Education. Brodsky, W. and Speth, W., Chicago Board Options Exchange, 2012.Method and system for creating and trading derivative investment instruments based on an index of investment management companies. U.S. Patent 8,204,816. Batten, J.A., Hogan, W.P. and Szilagyi, P.G., 2012. 12. Foreign bond markets and financial market development: international perspectives.Implications of the global financial crisis for financial reform and regulation in Asia, p.248. Qian, X. and Steiner, A., 2014. International reserves and the composition of foreign equity investment.Review of International Economics,22(2), pp.379-409. McGuire, S.T., Omer, T.C. and Wilde, J.H., 2013. Investment opportunity sets, operating uncertainty, and capital market pressure: Determinants of investments in tax shelter activities?.The Journal of the American Taxation Association,36(1), pp.1-26. Hull, J.C., 2014.The evaluation of risk in business investment. Elsevier. Damodaran, A., 2012.Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset(Vol. 666). John Wiley Sons. Gross, W.H. and Toloui, R., Pacific Investment Management Company LLC, 2012.Fixed income securities index. U.S. Patent 8,306,892.

Squeakers Mate Essay Example For Students

Squeakers Mate Essay Having read both stories squeakers mate by Barbara Baynton and the drovers wife by Henry Lawson I preferred the drovers wife and in this piece of writing I am going to explain why.  Both of these stories are short stories and are set in the out back in Australia in the early 20th century. One thing which could have made a different to the way each stories was written was that a drovers wife was written by a male whereas squeakers mate was written by a female. These stories considered the issues women had in that area and time. We will write a custom essay on Squeakers Mate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I preferred the plot of squeakers mate because I felt it gave out a stronger message of how women were treated. It shown emotion and made me feels involved in that emotion. I felt more sorry for the women in this story as she had done so much for this man and he had done nothing in return. She had gone from being in complete power and to having nothing. This was a turn around as the man depended on her to do everything for him as he was really lazy and after the accident she was completely dependent on him for food and water. The man completely abandon her on severaly occasions. I felt the narrative flowed better and I could understand what was happening without having to go back and read it again to understand. It gave a huge impact on me to how helpless she became and that her mate did not care for her properly, she was being put through pain. It went though extremes of control and she was left helpless, whereas she used to be in complete control. This would have been very hard for her because her personality is very organised and she likes to get everything done on time and properly so to not have control over even the smallest things would have been hard for her. I though the drovers wife as not as powerful as the message was not as strong and didnt have a great impact on me emotional for the women. I did not have as much sympathy for the characters as it was not written as well, the narrative did not flow as well so I sometimes got confused while reading it and had to go back again. In the drovers wife she had children to help her in her worries. The main characters in squeakers mate were the man and the women (mates) and the second women. The women also had a dog, which was her companion. The man was very ignorant, lazy and stupid. He did not seem to really care about his mate has when the tree fell on her he did not help she insulted her and he did not care for her properly afterwards either. All the work, which the women usually did, was left undone because the man refused to do all the work. The woman in this story is very organised, likes to get the job done, caring, and has a lot of patience. She not only has patients with her self but with her mate and seems to put up with a lot of grief. These two do not have a very good working or personal relationship together I think the women is the only one doing the work in the relationship. The womens dog is very obedient he is her only companion they have a very good relationship and even though he is a dog it seems like he understands her and what she is feeling. The dog is very protective of her for example when the other woman in the story tries to reach the water her attacks the women to protect her.in this story none of the names of the charcters are mentioned I think this is to give the effect that they are slaves of marriage because slaves are never named or it is just to make the charcters 2nd, nothing people or to make it a less personal story so we can change the situation to fit our own maybe.by not naming them you are reinforcing their lowly role. .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .postImageUrl , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:hover , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:visited , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:active { border:0!important; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:active , .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u959d3b26a4a6b9c66fb4ec041fdf662c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The final scene of 'Of Mice and Men' EssayI feel the women in the a drovers wife does not have as nice a character and I feel for the other women more. I think her situation is not quite so bad and that I have more pity for the other women. They both become dependent on their man but certainly squeakers mate is to the more extreme.  Having explored these issues I still feel squeakers mate was the better story.  In both stories the author looks at the womens place in the society, the hard and different lifestyle they have in the Australian out back. There is a lack of education and marriage situations were not very good. I believe that handled these situations better it used more emotions and stronger feelings of the grinding poverty of squeakers mate. Overall I think that squeakers mate uses better language and direct speech to show the characters feelings effectively, it uses colloquial language. This meant I could understand the atmosphere and setting better giving me a clearer idea of the characters personalities and feelings so I could understand the story better. As I have said the main reason why I thought squeakers mate was the better story was because I felt for the women more. The story used emotion much better by using extreme circumstances.

Analytical Essay Sample on Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte

Analytical Essay Sample on Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte The influence of childhood in its different ways, on the major characters in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights can be seen as a pervasive theme throughout the novel. Through an exploration of the relationship between the main characters, the theme of childhoods influence is apparent. It can be said, as noted by Steve Davies, that the childhood of both protagonists Heathcliffe and Catherine, haunts them in their adult lives thus affecting their interactions with and their behavior towards other people in a negative way. However, through Brontes portrayal of Hareton and the younger Catherine, the redeeming qualities of the human spirit prevails as they overcome negative influences and memories of their childhood. They emerge at the conclusion of the novel as characters who are not haunted by their childhood and its refusal to die away, but as two people who have overcome adverse conditions in their past by seeking to improve their existence and personalities It is evident in the novel through Emily Brontes portrayal of the character of Heathcliff, that revenge which stems from Heathcliffs relationships as a child, motivates him to become vindictive throughout his adulthood. Heathcliff is introduced to the Earnshaw family upon Mr Earnshaw finding him in the streets of Liverpool, as an orphan. His introduction to the other Earnshaw family members is not well received, Heathcliff is referred to as it and is unwelcome by the Earnshaw children, Hindley and Catherine. This highlights a very unpleasant start to Heathcliffs childhood in the Earnshaw household. Heathcliff develops a particularly negative relationship with Hindley, this starts at childhood and continues into adulthood. From the day Heathcliff enters the Earnshaw house Heathcliff felt nothing but hate from Hindley, the beatings and ill treatment that Hindley instilled on him, hardened Heathcliff and he formed a similar hatred for Hindley. An example of his unpleasant relationship can be seen when Mr Earnshaw gave Heathcliff and Hindley colts, on finding that his lame, Heathcliff informs Hindley, You must exchange horses with me; I dont like mine, and if you wont I shall tell your father of the three thrashings youve given me this week, and show him my arm, which is black to the shoulder. at which Hindley, cuffs him over the ears, this argument concludes in Hindley beating Heathcliff but handing over his horse with a hateful remark, take my coltand I pray that he may break your neck. In the end Heathcliff achieves what he wants. This transcends into Heathcliffs adulthood and revenge motivates Heathcliff into returning to Wuthering Heights, as an adult to, settle my score with Hindley. He achieves this by aiding Hindleys gambling, eventually taking away his home, resulting in Hindley dying in debt thus leaving Hindleys son Hareton in Heathcliffs custody. Heathcliffs relationship with Hareton, allows Heathcliff to distinguish himself in Hareton, Hareton seemed a personification of my youth. and in some ways Heathcliff wishes him to be the kind of son he wanted but never had Id have loved the lad had he been some one else.   Even though he empathizes with Hareton, he can not treat Hareton with kindness as he can not put aside the animosity, anger, and resentment he feels, which results from Hindleys behavior towards him as a child. Though initially unwelcome by Catherine, within a short period of time Heathcliff and Catherine form a very close bond, this relationship is the only positive relationship in Heathcliffs life, he loves her unconditionally and holds Catherine in high regard. she is so immeasurably superior to them to everybody on earth This immense love for Catherine carries on into Heathcliffs adulthood. Heathcliffs departure from the Earnshaw house occurs on the evening of Catherines proposal to Edgar, he overhears her conversation with Nelly, upon hearing Catherine say, it would degrade me to marry Heathcliff , Heathcliff takes flight heartbroken. He returns to Thrushcross Grange an established gentlemen, unable to let go of this undying love for Catherine Ive fought through a bitter life since I last heard your voice, and you must forgive me, for I struggled only for you! Catherine has made him suffer by marrying Edgar. Heathcliffs vindictive nature is brought to the surface when a confrontation with Catherine mentions his plan of revenge I want you to be aware that I know you have treated me infernally infernally!and if you fancy Ill suffer unrevenged, Ill convince you of the contrary, in a very little while! Heathcliffs love for Catherine is a major motivator for his revenge on Edgar, who Heathcliff envied as a child, for taking away Catherine from him, for he thought that Catherine preferred Edgars company to his as Edgar was more refined. I wish I had light hair and fair skin, was dressed and behaved as well and had a chance of being as rich as he will be! Heathcliff returns to Thrushcross Grange, his love for Catherine still apparent which developed at childhood, cannot escape him, determined to see Catherine when he heard that she is gravely ill, upon him seeing her, he pours his heart out to her I have not broken your heart you have broken it and in breaking it , you have broken minewould you like to live with your soul in the grave? It is there last meeting before her death which took place shortly after the birth of her child the younger Catherine, this makes Heathcliff feel that the child just born has taken away his Catherine, Heathcliffs vengeful nature motivates him to revenge those who interferes with his relationship with Catherine, and his plan of revenge takes a new turn, to now involve the younger Catherine I want the triumph of seeing my descendants fairly lord of their estates; my child hiring their children to till their fathers land for wages, he does this this by manipulating the younger Catherine into falling in love with his son Linton then forcing them to marry, so upon Edgars death he gains his revenge on Edgar through taking away his daughter and his estate. Even though he revenges Edgar, for taking away his Catherine, the immense love he holds for Catherine haunts him, she is his only weakness and he cannot overcome his love for her, he dies heartbroken. The character of Catherine can be compared to Heathcliff, as she also cannot escape her childhood, and a love that initiates then and carries onto adulthood, thus affecting her relationships and interactions with other people in her life. Catherine Earnshaw was brought up in a well respected family home, as a child she was accustomed to the finer things in life, which brings about her being spoilt and mischievous, and illustration of this is the night her father returns with Heathcliff, as she had asked her father for a whip before his departure, and on his return finding that he had lost it while attending Heathcliff she spits on Heathcliff. Eventually Catherine becomes much too fond of Heathcliff, and she spends her day running away with Heathcliff, and on one certain day, they end up at Thrushcross Grange, this results in Catherine hurting her ankle, at which the Lintons keep her for five weeks , Catherine returned to Wuthering Heights a very dignified person, she becomes superficial in her materialism and all things nice, such being her new friends the Linton children, Edgar and Isabella. Her relationship with Heathcliff never completely returns to being the same, since her time away at the Lintons, but she still holds him close to her heart. As she grows into a young women she keeps up her acquaintance with Edgar Linton, as he is soft and beautiful, but compared to Heathcliff, Edgar with all his superiority, found it difficult to make an equally deep impression to Catherine. Her friendship with Edgar turns into a proposal of marriage, she consents even though she loves him for the wrong reasons, when Nelly tries to advise her he wont always be handsome and young, and may not always be rich, she replies with he is now; and I have only to do with the present'. She marries Edgar even though she is not suited to him in personality, and does not love him in the way she loves Heathcliff but as she recognizes the dishonorable elements in Heathcliffs personality, his harshness, the fact that he is not refined and could never be a gentlemen, and despite all this still loves him, she feels she can not marry him, as she can not continue to lead the life she has become accustomed to. As an adult Catherines relationship with Edgar, is overshadowed by her extreme love for Heathcliff. An example of this is when an encounter between Edgar and Heathcliff, results in Catherine announcing, Id rather see Edgar at bay than you. Catherine cannot escape her love for Heathcliff, which started at childhood and still exists in her adulthood, despite her marriage to Edgar, and in betraying her heart for her own selfish reasons, such as her love for all things fine and beautiful, she too dies heartbroken. In contrast to the characters of Heathcliff and Catherine, is Emily Brontes representation of the characters of Hareton and the younger Catherine known as Cathy. Hareton who in spite of his ill treatment by Heathcliff in his childhood, he is not motivated by revenge, but motivated to defeat Heathcliffs damaging influences, and better his character in his adulthood. And Cathy, unlike her mother, looks past the unrefined nature of Hareton, and follows her heart, in marrying him. Hareton has a fairly unstable start in childhood, shortly after his birth his mother dies and at a fairly young age he copes with the death of his father Hindley. Hareton like Heathcliff is left an orphan. With the death of his father, Hareton is left in a predicament, the sole chance for the natural heir is to allow him an opportunity of creating some interest in the creditors heart, that he may be inclined to deal leniently towards him. This results in Hareton reduced to a state of complete dependance on his fathers inveterate enemy; he lives in his own house a servant deprived of the advantage of wages. Despite living in these conditions, Hareton still holds a place in his heart for Heathcliff, an example of this is on the morning of finding of Heathcliffs body, Hareton, the most wronged, was the only one that really suffered much. He sat by the corpse all night, weepinghe pressed its hand, and kissed the sarcastic, savage, face, Hareton loves Heathcliff like a father figure despite the way he treated him. When Cathy comes to stay at Wuthering Heights, she teases Hareton, commenting on his stupidity, but only to get his attention,and despite her unfair treatment on him, he dismisses it and forms a close bond with her, Hareton improves himself by allowing her to teach him how to read, he eventually falls in love with Cathy and in doing so, he overcomes the manipulation of Heathcliff, and hence becoming a respectable young man with every thing rightfully his restored to him. Cathy had the most stable childhood in the novel Wuthering Heights, though she did not have her mother, Nelly was an adequate female role model, Cathy was accustomed to the finer things in life, and was dearly loved by her father Edgar, and she loved him equally. Her father trusted her to no one elseWuthering Heights and Mr Heathcliff did not exist for hershe was a perfect recluse; and perfectly contended. But as a curious young women she eventually, came across the house and its inhabitants, and in doing so she became part of Heathcliffs plans, she falls for Linton and his pretty looks but seeing that he was weak did not love him, and was forced into the marriage by Heathcliff. In staying at Wuthering Heights after her husbands death, she at first treats Hareton rather shamefully, laughing heartily at his failures, and disrespecting him for he was not refined as she. But as she is lonely , she soon puts aside her arrogance, when I call you stupid I dont mean anything I dont mean that I despise you. She makes friends with Hareton eventually falling for in love with him, their intimacy commenced, grew rapidly;both their minds tending to the same point one loving and desiring to esteem; and the other loving and desiring to be esteemed they contrived in the end to reach it. Despite coming from a well respected home, never seeing herself as a child marrying someone as unrefined as Hareton, falls in love with him and his generous heart thus improving her personality, in so becoming a kind young women. Here is a list of the most popular essay topics on Wuthering Heights: Polar Opposites in Wuthering Heights How Emily Bronte uses the first 3 chapters of Wuthering Heights to create foreboding Othello vs Wuthering Heights The use of setting in Wuthering Heights Discuss the importance of setting in Wuthering Heights. Examine the use of buildings, landscape, weather and the elements to reflect the nature How does Bronte Create an Appropriate Atmosphere and Background to the Events of â€Å"Wuthering Heights† in the First Movement? Characteristics of two of the main characters in Wuthering Heights The Development of Catherine and Heathcliffe’s Relationship from Chapter 7 of Wuthering Heights Quarrel in Chap. 8 of Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights and Evil Villain

Analysis of the Effects of Modernism and Post-modernism on Management Practice Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Effects of Modernism and Post-modernism on Management Practice Essay The concepts â€Å"modem† and â€Å"post-modern† have become common currency in intellectual debates regarding organizational theory. Within such debates, the postmodern is perceived as an epoch, a perspective, or an entirely new paradigm of thought (Callas 1999, p. 649). Such a conception of the aforementioned term stems from its rootedness in the conception of the modern. Chia (1995) notes that what distinguishes the postmodern from the modem is â€Å"a style of thinking which eschews the uncritical use of common organizational terms such as ‘organizations’, ‘individuals’, ‘environment’, ‘structure’, and ’culture’, etc† (p. These terms refer to the existence of social entities and attributes within a modernist conception of organizational cultures. The rationale behind this lies in the ontological conception of being which privileges thinking in terms of discrete phenomenal states, static attributes and sequential events. As opposed to such an ontological conception of reality, the postmodern stands as the champion of weak forms of ontology that â€Å"emphasize a transient, ephemeral and emergent reality† (Chia 1995, p. 579). If such is the case, it thereby follows that a postmodernist perspective of reality adheres to thought styles wherein reality is deemed to be continuously in flux and transformation and hence unrepresentable thereby impossible to situate within a static conception of reality. Within the sphere of organizational management, an adoption of a post-modernist perspective of reality thereby leads to a rethinking of the modern conceptions of organizations since adherence to postmodernist perspectives lead to the de-emphasis on organizations, organizational forms and organizational attributes. Such a conception of reality, however tends to emphasize the importance of local forms of organizational methods, which collectively define a social reality. In a sense, the shift from a modern to a postmodern conception of organizations thereby leads to the re-definition of existing ontological conceptions of reality that determine the various forms of intellectual priorities as well as theoretical stipulations in the study and conception of organizations. In lieu of this, this paper’s will provide a contextualization of the implications of such perspectives within organizational structures. The analysis of such will be determined through the analysis of the effects of such perspectives in relation to management practices. An example of the application of the postmodernist perspectives within the field of organizational theory is evident in the Foucauldian analysis of human resource systems. Edward Baratt (2003) notes that a Foucauldian conception of organizational structures has enabled the formation of â€Å"a conceptual architecture and a method for exploring and problematizing Human Resource Management† (p. 084). Baratt notes, a Foucauldian conception of organizations has enabled the formation of conditions wherein all members of an organization may engage in â€Å"the practice of critical truth telling† (p. 1085). The importance of such may be fully understood if one considers its effects in relation to the two dominant paradigms that dictate Human Resource Management discourse: managerialist and critical evaluative positions. Jacques (1999) notes, â€Å"Managerialist and critical evaluative positions in binary opposition to each other constitute the main sites from which we can speak academically about HRM† (p. 200). The distinction between the two positions are evident if one considers that in one line of argument has been an emphasis on the production of an enterprising subject dependent on practices designed to engage an employee’s psyche. The possibility of such lies in the formation of managerial practices that opt for the continuous subjectification of the subject [in this sense the employee]. Within such managerial practices, the subject is placed within various forms of practices of subjectification that leads to the development of different form of competencies that further lead to the continuous embeddedness of the subject within the organization. The difficulty within such a managerial method lies in its creation of a fabricated subject. The pragmatic aspect involved within such a method, however, may be traced to its ability to create productive subjects [productive employees]. As opposed to such a totalizing form of managerial methodologies, alternative arguments [of the postmodernist kind] emphasize the possibility of enabling the co-existence and interrelationships between human resource technologies of the self and other disciplinary practices specifically those situated within the grounds of technological and accounting controls (Baratt 2003, p. 1084). A popular theme of such methodologies gives emphasis on the intensification and sophistication of surveillance and control method [through technological and accounting measures]. Within these method, management methods are thereby perceived as enabling the formation that determine the relationships within the workplace by taking control of indeterminate relationships [amongst the members of the workplace] through the imposition of increase surveillance methods that â€Å"impose order on the inherently undecidables† conditions of the workplace. Such a methodology thereby adheres to a postmodernist conception of human relations and social reality as it opts to clarify the indeterminate variables within organizations through the use of â€Å"effective instruments for the formation and accumulation of knowledge-methods of observation, techniques of registration, procedures for investigation and research, apparatuses of control† (Foucault 1980, p. 102). Within such a scheme, the function of management systems [and hence of managers] lies in ensuring the maintenance of â€Å"the precarious local orchestration of material, technical and social relationships which give rise to relatively stabilized configurations† (Chia 1995, p. 601). The heads of the management of organizations, in this sense, are thereby tasked with ensuring the implementation as well as the continuous development of more efficient production practices within the surveillance scheme of management systems. Analytic evaluation schemes used in forming job evaluations will thereby be created so as to ensure the ordering of a population. Managerial positions, in this sense, may be seen as the roles that enable the implementation of the surveillance scheme that enables the continuous effectiveness of a human resource management system. In summary, the effects of the tenets of both modernism and postmodernism are evident within the workplace [or within organizational theories of management and hence management itself] as they influence the historical means of constructing the relations within the workplace. The modernist conception, which perceives reality as bound by static relations, failed to account for the indeterminate variables resulting from the complexity of power relations within the workplace. Such a complexity, however, was accounted for by a postmodernist perspective of organizations due to its recognition of the fluidity of social relations as a result of their embeddedness within the discourse of power and knowledge that define the conditions within any sphere [in this context the public sphere]. Within the field of Human Resource Management, the construction of knowledge operates through rules of classification, ordering, and distribution evident in the definitions of activities and the formation of rules of procedure, which determines a particular institution’s management discourse. The importance of postmodernist perspectives lies in its promise of the possibility of autonomy within such a predefined and hence rigid sphere. The possibility, in this sense, may be attained through enabling the co-existence and interrelationships between human resource technologies of the self and other disciplinary methods. In line with the postmodernist [specifically Foucauldian discourse], the postmodernist has thereby enabled the development of Human Resource Systems and hence Management systems that enable the formation of an understanding regarding the means in which various individuals may be formulated so as to create a system which allows the creation of objectivity amidst the grounds of subjective wills. Analysis of the Effects of Modernism and Post-modernism on Management Practice. (2017, Feb 06).

Perry Rose Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Perry Rose Case Study - Essay Example Additionally, a Memo will be prepared to the board advising them on whether to accept or reject the project. The study will put forth factors that a bank should consider prior advancing loans. Additionally, calculations will be utilized in order to determine whether the bank should grant the required increase in the overdraft for Gainsborough Fashions Ltd. In above connection, the Year0 Year1 Year2 Year3 Year4 year5 Year6 ?000 ?000 ?000 ?000 ?000 ?000 ?000 Equipments (500) - - - - - (100) Sales Revenue 0 450 470 470 470 470 470 (-)Less Cost Materials 0 0 126 132 132 132 132 Labour 0 0 90 94 94 94 94 Overheads 0 0 300 300 300 300 300 Add back Depreciation 0 0 120 120 120 120 120 Working Capital (180) - - - - - - Incremental cash flows 320 450 74 64 64 64 (36) (b) Calculate: (i) The project’s payback period. ... ii) The project’s net present value as at 31 December Year 0. Years Incremental cash flow Discount factor (12%) Present Value 0 (?500) 1 (?500) 1 ?450 0.893 ?401.85 2 ?74 0.797 ?58.98 3 ?64 0.712 ? 45.57 4 ?64 0.636 ? 40.70 5 ?64 0.567 ?36.29 6 (?36) 0.507 (?18.25) Net Present Value=?101.64 (c) Write a memo to the board advising on the acceptance or rejection of the project. (7 marks) Perry Rose Plc Finance Public Limited Company Bromsgrove 6th April 2013. To: The Board of Perry Rose Plc. From: Assistant Accountant of Perry Rose Plc Subject: Acceptance or Rejection of the Project The computation above indicates that the amount invested would be recovered within a very short time. This is based on the pay back period which shows that the amount invested will be recovered within a period of 1year and 4 months. Additionally, the above computations indicate that the Board of Perry Rose Plc should undertake the project because it has a positive net present value of ?101.64. Whereby , a positive net present value indicates that better returns will be derived by investing in this project (Hansen, Mowen and Guan, 2009). Therefore, I would recommend the company to undertake the project because the benefits outweigh the cost. Yours Sincerely Finance and Accounting Department 2. (a) Identify and discuss the major factors that a bank would take into account before deciding whether to grant an increase in the overdraft of a business. An overdraft involves amount of money given by bank account to the business and it should be repaid upon bank request. An overdraft provides current account holders with an opportunity to withdraw more funds than what it is already available in

Analyze one song Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyze one song - Essay Example The key is to critically analyze and determine why songs impact us the way they do. To demonstrate this point, this student will analyze the song â€Å"Always Remember Me† by Ry Cuming. The specific aspects that will closely look at involve the songs instrumentation, lyrics, and electronic production. When analyzing any given song, one needs to look at how the instrumentation employed impacts the listeners’ mood as the music fills their ears. No matter how impactful the lyrics of a song might be, it is of little use if the musical content does not work. It would be similar to a car having a perfect engine, yet no tires. This particular song has instrumentation that truly seems to place the listener into the music studio of Ry Cuming. Viorica Barbu-Iurascu reminds us that â€Å"Music is the metaphysical counterpart to everything physical† (170). Perhaps like no other media, music transcends us to another place. We can leave the world behind as our consciousness be comes completely involved with the music that is playing within us. Naturally, some musical composers accomplish this transformation to the metaphysical world better than other, but this is still the aim of the musician. Music becomes an art that must be studied and examined closely to truly appreciate its beauty. â€Å"Always Remember Me† is composed of music that represents the lyrics being sung. The musical arrangement of this song begins with a softly playing guitar. This immediately sets the tone for what is to come by providing the listener with a soothing introduction into the lyrics to come. In essence, this opening prepares all who listen to relax, settle down, and be moved by arrangement. Without this type of opening, the song would not be nearly as effective in transforming people to that metaphysical realm that Iurascu talks about. As the lyrics begin to be sung, something interesting happens. The guitar playing moves softly to the background. When lyrics are not being sung, the guitar once again becomes the centerpiece and gradually becomes louder. Reflecting upon this, the author feels that Cuming has done an effective job at using the instrumentation to be a focal point of the song. Whereas most songs rely on the lyrics and the rhyming of such words, this particular artist seems to be more focused on allowing the guitar to speak to the listener. The softly playing melody really rocks most who listen into a new arena and a new realm of thinking. It is almost as if the old adage ‘forget all of your troubles for the moment’ rings true with this song. The music has a way of comforting and soothing the soul. The arrangement does not ‘jar’ the listener awake, rather it allows them to sit back and really be metamorphosed into another place and time. It is common to want to analyze the lyrics in a song. We seem to be obsessed with trying to understand what the artist is trying to say through his or her music. Analyzing m usical lyrics, however, must go deeper than merely just trying to understand what the words mean. As Katrina McFerran writes, â€Å"Lyrics are not simple statements of information; they are creative and multifaceted expressions of experience† (38). So, as one seeks to analyze the lyrics of any given song, they must move beyond simply trying to ‘understand’ what the words mean and move into the realm of experiencing what moved the artist to write the words in the

Harry Potter Essay Example for Free

Harry Potter Essay Harry Potter is a series of seven novels written by the British author J. K. Rowling. The books is the chronicle adventures of awizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School. The main story concerns Harrys quest to overcome the Dark wizard Lord Voldemort, whose aims are to become immortal, conquer the wizarding world and destroy all those who stand in his way, especially Harry Potter. Since the release of the first novel Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone on 30 June 1997 and the last on July 2007, the books have gained immense popularity, commercial success worldwide As of June 2011, the book series has sold about 450 million copies, making it the best-selling book series in history, and has been translated into 67 languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history. Question 1: To what extent was the Harry Potter series simply a loss leader for the hypermarkets? Harry Potter simply a loss leader for the hypermarkets because it’s just a marketing strategy which was used to gain enormous market share of the Harry Potter books with the acceptance of millions dollars loss. Question 2: Should such price cutting be outlawed or regulated to protect smaller retailers? Price cutting should be regulated to not only protect smaller retailer but also prevent market from many consequences such as leading to loss profit and price war, cheapen a brand, etc when price cutting is not controlled. Question 3: Bookstores in Kuala Lumpur withdrew the book in protest. Was their reaction justified? The action of bookstore in Kuala Lumpur withdrawing seventh Harry Potter in protest is justified because it protects their own benefit from being loss and claiming their objection attitude toward the loss leader strategy of other giant retailer.

Acid Rain and Its Effects on the Biosphere :: Geology

Acid Rain and Its Effects on the Biosphere Introduction: Acid Rain: whenever I conjure up images of acid rain I always allude to huge, boiling-red raindrops falling from mean purple clouds on a path destined for destruction. I can see them spiraling down uncontrollably in fireballs of rage to the earth; it becomes very apparent. Perhaps my imagination has gotten the better of me here, but acid rain is definitely no sweetheart. Actually, acid rain looks like any other rain. Believe it or not, it does not have flaming tales on the end of it, but it can produce some serious risks to the world as we know it. These are pH testers. Formed high in the clouds where sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides combine with oxygen and water, acid rain has a devastating ability to kill off aquatic systems, vegetation, animals, etc. The definition of acid rain is the deposition of acidic components in rain, fog, snow, and sleet. Regular rain has a pH that is slightly acidic at 5.6, but what makes one worry are the places like Washington, D.C., which possesses rain readings of 4.2 to 4.4 on the pH scale. Acid rain is mainly composed of Sulfuric Oxide (SO2) and Nitrous Oxide, which are common air pollutants from big industries, 70% of which are electric utility plants. If one views the amount pH levels of various areas around the nation it is easy to see that there is a problem, especially when a 4.0 pH level can drive many fish to die. Certainly acid rain has a great deal of negative effects on the geosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. But maybe the most important system for us to observe as scientist is the biosphere. The biosphere with out a doubt is the most visible of the systems on our planet. The reason it is so easy to monitor is because it is all around us. We see trees and their growth, animals running around, and fields of grass with cows grazing. We are the biosphere and therefore we can and will see the changes. If there is something wrong and we don’t have a pH scale to measure, we will sense it through the living environment around us. Trees and Vegetation: One of the most serious effects of acid rain can be traced to trees and the soil they grow from.

Incarceration Essay

There has been a lot of discussion regarding the prison population in the United States but little efforts have been engaged in regard to the transformations observed in the composition of the jail population. The law enforcement agents are under obligation by the federal, state, and local authorities to arrest and confine individuals who are criminal suspects. It is the duty of our judicial system to imprison individuals who are crime convicts. The confinement that is imposed on individuals whether prior to or after conviction is what is referred to as incarceration. Any person irrespective of race, color, sex, and age is subject to incarceration at least in theory according to the constitution. Studies have however continued to show increasing imbalance in our penal institutions as more African Americans and Hispanics continue to account to a slightly larger percentage in comparison to the whites. This paper shall present an analysis of the structural inequality as observed in the judicial system within the United States. Structural Inequality: Structural inequality is something that is affecting virtually all societies around the world. This phenomenon however does not stem from the variations amongst individuals as generally thought, but it can be attributed to the meanings and values that individuals hold in regard to these variations. These values and meanings become systemized and thus the foundation of inequality in our society. The society becomes stratified based on differences between the individuals. This leads to a hierarchical society where prejudicial values and attitudes are developed which affects the views held by the different categories of individuals (Bartels-Ellis, 2010). The US is among the world’s most leading jailers with a rating of 750 imprisonments in every 100,000 individuals (Williams, 2009). The prison population is however disproportional with African Americans and the Hispanics and other minority groups accounting for a larger percentage compared to the majority whites. It is estimated that over 60% of the prison population is from the minority groups. The imbalance in the incarcerated population has been attributed to the war against drugs that has gained momentum in the recent past. This has had a toll on the minority groups though studies have continued to indicate that drug use is also a significant phenomenon amongst the whites. The judicial system has therefore been accused of racist discrimination when it comes to matters of fair and effective judgment (Williams, 2009). Racial Bias in the Judicial System: Racial inequalities have been observed when it comes to judicial matters in the United States. There are great variations in the incarceration of different racial groups that make up the population of the US (Martel, 2008). Studies have continued to reveal the unending trend of disparities in the criminal justice system as revealed by the United States Census Bureau in 2000. According to the Bureau, there is un-proportional representation in the incarceration within the US penal institutions which happens to favor the whites. As of the year 2000, out of close to 2 million adult prisoners, 63% were from the minority groups including the African Americans and Latinos. Such disparities are in contravention of the general population as it has been established that the minority groups account for only 25% of the general population (Human Rights Watch, 2002). Statistics: According to Families Against Mandatory Minimums (FAMM), in every twenty blacks aged over 18, one is likely to be in prison whereas for the whites, the imprisonment rate is put at one in every 180 individuals. The African Americans and the Hispanics comprise of about 2/3 of the prison population. As of the year 2001, African American males and Hispanic males had a higher chance of being imprisoned compared to the whites. The blacks had a 32. 2% chance; Hispanics 17. 2% chance; whereas the whites had a 6% chance. In the year 2003, African American prisoners accounted for a larger portion of those serving a term of more than one year at 44% of the prison population followed by the whites at 35% whereas the Hispanics accounted for the remaining 19% (Families Against Mandatory Minimums Foundation, 2010).

Functionalist, Conflict, and Interaction Perspectives on Mass Media Essay

It is hard to imagine that just one theoretical view can make clear the many ways that individuals relate with media and technology. Technology covers a wide range from simplistic to complicate. Media is everywhere we look and on every gadget we own. This paper will take a look at mass media from the functionalist, conflict, and interaction perspectives. You can look at a variety of theories and you will find studies and scholars that agree and those who disagree. A sociological approach in functionalism is the reflection of the relationship among the functions of less significant parts and the functions of the total. From the functionalist perspective there has been a problem from the start. The problem is the failure to identify and come up with a definition for the actual function of mass media. Also it has been problematic to define what role the mass media plays in various cultures and sub cultures (Mendelshon, H. (1974). From the start a functionalist breakdown comes with a profound handicap. According to the functionalist perspective the media is a marketing product and entertaining, it is socializing individuals, teaching norms, morals, and philosophies to future groups. Media also keeps individuals in touch with cultural standards in the time if happenings of nationwide importance. The functionalist perspective sees the media as teaching what is virtuous and appropriate (Gamson, Croteau, Hoynes, and Sasson (1992). The media has four essential functions for society: surveying the environment to give reports and information; relaying replies to this information; amusing; and transmitting traditions to upcoming generations. Advertisements are always shown before movies; it also appears on public transportation and on highway billboards. There is virtual gaming that allows one to talk to friends on social networks. Technology gives individuals and groups innovative and more stimulating ways to stay amused. Some sociologist affirm that this level of media experience hints to narcotizing dysfunction, a word that defines when persons are excessively overcome with media feedback that they begin to ignore it. Functionalism has gotten criticism for neglecting the harmful functions of an event such as divorce. Critics also say that the perspective justifies the status quo and satisfaction on the part of society’s individuals. Functionalism does not support individuals in taking a lively position in altering their social environment even if this change could be for the better. Functionalism sees vigorous social change as unwelcome since each part of society will recompense naturally for any troubles that may come to pass. Conflict theorists see social conflict among any groups in which it is probable for disparity exists: racial, gender, religious, political, economic, and so on. Conflict theorists claim that disparate groups more often than not have contradictory standards and agendas, causing them to vie in opposition to each other. This steady rivalry between groups is the foundation for the constantly shifting nature of society. Looking at the conflict perspective mass communications study has time after time recognized the major force that the media can have in determining a communal outlook about a certain matter, such as conflict. The media repeatedly helps decide what the public sees the subject, its causes and penalty, whether it is important, and what to assume about it (Reuben, R. C. (2009). The media can have a very influential role in fueling fires when it comes to certain issues like racism and other social injustices. Conflict like functionalism has been defined in many different ways. When it come to mass media the same can be said. Conflict can also be measured at  the individual point and at the group point. Although conflict is regularly important to those involved, it may not always be noticed by the media. The disagreement has got to be remarkable to the picky viewers of the media. According to the conflict perspective a main emphasis is the variance of avenues to media and technology exemplified in the digital world. Conflict theorist concentrate on who reigns the media, and how the media endorses the norms of the upper-middle-class white Americans while lessening the existence of the lower class especially minorities. Some conflict theorist’s propose that the way media is created causes an uneven political arena. Candidates with the most monies available can buy the most media exposure, trash talk their competition, and take full advantage of their visual existence. Now days cameras capture our activities and viewers can find people over their cell phones. Social scientists take the idea of the surveillance society so seriously that there is an entire journal devoted to its study, Surveillance and Society (library.queensu.ca). Influential individuals and social organizations carry much of the say so about what technology is out, when and where it is released and what kind of media is accessible for intake. This is a form of gate keeping. Deciding what story will make the headlines of the front page. Deciding which movie is playing on the screens at the local movie theater. Deciding what movies and pictures will be released and which ones will not. All of these decisions are usually made by people of high standings. No one in the lower classes has any say so in these types of decisions. Critics of the conflict perspective tip to its excessively harmful view of society. The theory in the end attributes compassionate pains, unselfishness, democratic state, civil rights, and other constructive aspects of society to capitalistic designs to have power over the groups, not to natural wellbeing in maintaining society and social order. The symbolic interactionist perspective, also known as symbolic  interactionism, directs sociologists to believe the symbols and details of everyday life, what these symbols mean, and how people interact with each other. Although symbolic interactionism goes back to Max Weber’s claim that individuals act by they way the see their understanding of the meaning of their world, the American philosopher George H. Mead (1863–1931) introduced this perspective to American sociology in the 1920s (Vissing, Y. 2011). The interactions perspective of sociology sees society as a product of everyday social interactions of individuals. Symbolic interactionists also study how people use symbols to create meaning (Vissing, Y. 2011). According to this theory technology may act as a symbol for many individuals. What kind of computer you have, the kind of vehicle you own, if individuals are able to purchase the newest products; this works as a social meter of affluence and rank. Media can generate and spread symbols that become the way we understand our society. Theorist at work on the interactionist perspective concentrate on this social creation of actuality. This process keeps going and people individually generate and comprehend reality. Social media sites inspire individuals to check in and give particulars of their day with online social networks, companies can then with no trouble endorse their merchandises on these sites. Then suddenly you are bombarded with ads of places you have been. What started out as a symbol of popularity and prestige now endorses consumerism of games and fandom. Every website and every game that is played has advertisements that the viewer must watch in order to continue on. This is very similar with the conflict theory. Sociologists differentiate the mass media from other social associations because for this realm it is a must to have an audience. The audience could be a secondary group assembled in a great theater, or it may be a main group, such as a husband and wife watching the newest movie release at home. Possession is becoming very compacted. There is a trend toward sort of a monopoly. There can be found a few of global organizations that dominate the  publishing, broadcasting, and the ï ¬ lm industries (Croteau and Hoynes 2000). Some individuals reason that the government ought to control media absorption once again. The government takes more of a â€Å"hands-off† approach. If this approach continues the trend will continue and the media leaders will continue to grow. Critics assert that symbolic interactionism leaves out the macro level of social interpretation, which is the big picture. Symbolic interactionists could fail to see the bigger problems of society by concentrating too closely on the small issues. The perspective also gets criticism for denial of the influence of social forces and institutions on individual connections. The amount of individuals in the world who have admittance to an assortment of media keeps growing. Additionally, the total of time individuals squander taking in media as well continues to enlarge. With all the new technology that is available most people are always connected to something that has media readily available twenty four hours a day, seven days a week.  Each viewpoint interprets the position of the mass media in a special way and for this reason each theory is expected to have an effect on the views of individuals that are a piece of the society in individual behaviors. As a functionalist are to be expected to view the program choices of a news group decision maker who knowingly makes the choice to pass over a pessimistic account regarding one of its supporting companies as a not taking sides action intended to lessen likely discord in the union and maybe the community. As an interactionist, would be paying attention to how the results might influence the everyday rela tions among the members of the business or even among the business and members of the community may be concerned. On the other hand, a conflict theorist is to be expected to observe this as one of the negative functions of the mass media like Gatekeeping. For that explanation conflict theory explains why news media may stay away from negative stories about their sponsors of their new show and big advertisers in their newspapers. This makes is evident when television networks that are making big dollar amounts for promotion from corporations’ like Nike and other material goods makers are hesitant to  broadcast negative media about these companies. Conflict theorist categorize the identical dilemma at the neighboring point everyplace city reporters will not present bad reviews on certain products like franchise restaurants or other local businesses since the bulk of their financial support comes from the paid advertising of these and other businesses. While media has an impact on society, society has an impact on the media. In fact, with the inventions of such websites and social networks like Facebook and many others individuals in society with this access are just as influential. These social networks have allowed individuals to more and more capable to put forth weight in the other sociological institutions including the mass media. The conflict theory can sometimes see the community as neither here nor there by screening it as just submissively overcome to the forces of the free market, interactionism can lead us into more understanding of how the amplified discussion connections linking character and civilization seeing how the media is very personal to most. We have seen that there can be some slight similarities connecting the social theories of Functionalism, Interactionism and Conflict Theory. They however disagree somewhat significantly with each other. Mostly depending on what theory a person decides to agree with their view and opinions about the media and other social institutions will vary quite a bit. Just because one individual may view the media with the Conflict lens does not mean that the Functionalism and Interactionism does not make very valid points that can be used to enhance our understanding. Full understanding will not be attained from one theory and it is unlikely that everyone will ever agree on just one theory. The understanding that we have gained is that the media truly has an impact on individuals, cultures, society, and mass communications. It is not just at a local level but at a global level. By studying these theories we can gain insight and understand about each point of view. Each ones has a contribution t o share. References: Croteau, David; Hoynes, William, Media society: industries, images, audiences, 2003 Fine, G., & Kleinman, S. (1979). Rethinking Subculture: An Interactionist Analysis. American Journal of Sociology, (1). 1. Gamson, William A.; Croteau, David; Hoynes, William; Sasson, Theodore. In: Annual Review of Sociology, 1/1/1992, Vol. 18, p. 373-393; Library.queensu.ca, Retrieved from: http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/about/editorialPolicies Mendelsohn, H. (1974). BEHAVIORISM, FUNCTIONALISM, AND MASS COMMUNICATIONS POLICY. Public Opinion Quarterly, 38(3), 379. Reuben, R. C. (2009). MEDIA AND CONFLICT THEORY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY OVERVIEW: THE IMPACT OF NEWS COVERAGE ON CONFLICT: TOWARD GREATER UNDERSTANDING. Marquette Law Review, 9345. Vissing, Y. (2011) Introduction to Sociology. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.